Curious About What Powers Internet Live Streaming Technology?
In this article, we’ll clearly explain the technical background behind online live broadcasting—from the camera to encoding, through the network, all the way to the viewers.
What Is Live Streaming Technology?
Abroad, the term “streaming” is often used for live broadcasts over the internet. The English word streaming most closely translates to “data flow.” While it was originally used mostly for audio transmission—such as early podcasts or internet radio—in 1990, the RealPlayer media player became capable of receiving streams. Around this time, concerts and baseball games were streamed live with the help of technology developed by RealNetworks Inc.
We owe a lot to RealNetworks for the development of internet live streaming technology. The term “streaming” stuck with live video transmission online because it essentially involves the flow of data. Today, live streaming is a fundamental part of digital life. While once it was primarily used by major broadcasters, now even entire events may be accessible exclusively online. It has become an everyday tool: thanks to this technology, you can broadcast live on platforms like Facebook or YouTube.
The Main Components of Internet Live Streaming
To create a live stream, you essentially need the following equipment:
At least one video camera
This captures the video and audio to be streamed. Single-camera “webcam-style” setups are often used by mobile reporters or radio stations. Larger productions like concerts or sports events may use 6 to 18 cameras. These are switched live in a mobile TV studio or OB van, and the mixed feed is then sent out. Regardless of the setup, a device that produces audio and video—a camera—is always essential.
Video Encoders
Transmitting a Full HD or 4K stream requires significant bandwidth—normally only achievable via satellite or fiber optics. On the internet, we need to compress the video to transmit it effectively. A video encoder (hardware or software) converts the raw video signal into a format suitable for online transmission. This process compresses the video while minimizing quality loss, based on the available internet bandwidth.
Media Server (Streaming Server)
This is a critical component. The media server receives the live feed in real time and distributes it to multiple viewers. These are powerful machines that allocate bandwidth to each viewer. This makes the media server a sensitive link in the chain—its performance depends heavily on viewer numbers.
The Network
In the 21st century, the network itself plays a vital role in delivering content. Internet service providers and their infrastructure support the smooth delivery of live video streams. Content is distributed via CDN (Content Delivery Network) systems, which enable livestreams to reach the other side of the world in just seconds.
The Viewers
Finally, the audience connects to the live stream via a website or mobile app. The broadcast we create is accessible on phones, tablets, laptops, desktops—even smart TVs. As for operating systems, the technology is platform-independent—Android, iOS, Windows, and Linux users can all view the stream.